![]() Hybrid electric vehicles, where electric motors are used as a supplementary propulsion to internal combustion engines, became more widespread in the late 1990s. Internal combustion engines (both gasoline and diesel engines) were the dominant propulsion mechanisms for cars and trucks for about 100 years, but electricity-powered locomotion remained commonplace in other vehicle types, such as overhead line-powered mass transit vehicles like electric trains, trams, monorails and trolley buses, as well as various small, low-speed battery-powered personal vehicles such as mobility scooters. Using electricity was among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion as it provides a level of quietness, comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline engine cars of the time, but range anxiety due to the limited energy storage offered by contemporary battery technologies hindered any mass adoption of private electric vehicles throughout the 20th century. Įarly electric vehicles first came into existence in the late 19th century, when the Second Industrial Revolution brought forth electrification. ![]() Together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, EVs form a future vision of transportation called Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electric (CASE) mobility. EVs include but are not limited to road and rail vehicles, and broadly can also include electric boat and underwater vessels ( submersibles, and technically also nuclear submarines), electric aircraft and electric spacecraft.Įlectric road vehicles include electric passenger cars, electric buses, electric trucks and personal transporters such as electric buggy, electric tricycles, electric bicycles and electric motorcycles/scooters. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a generator). Electric boat, the Tûranor PlanetSolar, the first solar-powered boat to circumnavigate the worldĪn electric vehicle ( EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion.Electric truck, Class 8, a Tesla Semi in Rocklin, California.Battery electric bus, a BYD bus in Landskrona, Sweden.Electric tram, a Wiener Linien ULF-B in Vienna, Austria.Electric aircraft, the Solar Impulse 2, which circumnavigated the globe.Electric vehicles around the world (left to right, from top):
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